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网号:3759 科目:英语 年级:初三 请问:when和while的用法、其所在句子的结构、时态,有什么区别。 现在完成时与过去时应该如何区分?
【问题】when和while的用法、其所在句子的结构、时态,有什么区别。
【解答】
when当……时
可表示瞬间、时间段,与主从句所述动作、事情可同时,也可有先后:
It was snowing when we got to the airport.
我们到达机场时,天正下着雨。(同时发生)
while正当……时;(指同时),用于同时进行的两延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的动作进行对比。例如:
Please write while I read. 我念的时候,请写下来。
Some students were reading while others were writing.
有些学生在读,而有些学生在写。
【问题】现在完成时与过去时应该如何区分?
【解答】
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语------具体的时间状语
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now,
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语------不确定的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn''t handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He''s already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。
(我了解这部电影的内容。)
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影。
(说明什么时间看的电影。)
He has lived here since 1980.
1980年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里。)
He lived here in 1980.
1980年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。)
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